Conservative Management:

• Drinking plenty of water to pass small stones naturally.
• Pain relievers and alpha blockers to relax the ureters and ease stone passage.

Procedural Treatments:

• Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL):

  • Uses sound waves to break stones into smaller fragments for natural passage.

• Ureteroscopy and Laser Lithotripsy (URS & LL):

  • A scope is inserted through the urethra to the ureter; a laser breaks the stone into fragments.
  • A stent may be placed to relieve swelling and promote healing.

• Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL):

  • Minimally invasive surgery to remove larger stones via a small puncture in the back.

• Mini-PCNL:

  • A less invasive version of PCNL using specialized instruments to break and remove larger stones.