• In its early stages, prostate cancer may show few or no symptoms as it grows slowly. Symptoms, when they occur, include:

  • Difficulty urinating.
  • Burning sensation during urination.
  • Blood in urine.
  • Unexplained weight loss and reduced appetite.
  • Persistent lower back pain.

• Prostate cancer diagnosis typically involves:

  • PSA Blood Test: Elevated Prostate-Specific Antigen levels may indicate prostate issues.
  • Digital Rectal Examination: Abnormalities in prostate size or texture.
  • MRI and Biopsy: An MRI helps visualize suspicious areas, while targeted biopsies confirm the presence of cancer.

  MRI-Targeted Biopsy Advantages:

  • Increased accuracy and reduced infection risk compared to traditional random biopsies.
  • Can be done under local anesthesia, with same-day discharge.

1. Localized Prostate Cancer (confined to the prostate)

• Active Surveillance:

  • For low-risk cancers, close monitoring with regular PSA tests, MRIs, and biopsies.
  • Treatment is initiated if the cancer progresses.

• Surgery (Robotic Radical Prostatectomy):

  • Complete removal of the prostate using minimally invasive robotic technology.
  • Nerve-sparing techniques may help preserve erectile function and urinary control.

• Radiation Therapy (External Beam Radiation Therapy):

  • High-dose radiation targets cancer cells.
  • Treatment requires daily sessions over several weeks. Side effects may include erectile dysfunction and urinary issues.

• Focal Therapy (e.g., HIFU, Cryotherapy):

  • Targets only the cancerous part of the prostate, preserving nearby tissues.
  • Lower risk of urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction but may require repeat treatments.

2. Metastatic Prostate Cancer (spread beyond the prostate)
Although not curable, metastatic prostate cancer can be managed effectively:

• Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT):

  • Hormone-blocking injections or surgical removal of the testicles to slow cancer growth.

• Novel Hormonal Therapies:

  • Oral medications block cancer’s ability to use testosterone.

• Chemotherapy:

  • Intravenous drugs target and destroy cancer cells.